{"id":11124,"date":"2026-07-08T09:07:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T09:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/?p=11124"},"modified":"2026-07-08T09:07:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T09:07:58","slug":"coconut-shell-activated-carbon-the-optimal-pretreatment-media-for-modern-seawater-desalination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/post\/coconut-shell-activated-carbon-the-optimal-pretreatment-media-for-modern-seawater-desalination\/","title":{"rendered":"Coconut Shell Activated Carbon: The Optimal Pretreatment Media for Modern Seawater Desalination"},"content":{"rendered":"

Global freshwater scarcity has accelerated the expansion of seawater desalination infrastructure at an unprecedented pace. As of 2025, the worldwide desalination market has reached approximately USD 20 billion with a compound annual growth rate of 9.6%, and global installed capacity exceeds 130 million cubic meters per day across more than 21,000 facilities. By 2030, cumulative capacity is forecast to surpass 180 million cubic meters per day, driven by climate variability, rapid urbanization, and industrial expansion in water-stressed regions from the Middle East to Southeast Asia, according to a comprehensive industry analysis of global desalination capacity and market trends<\/a>. As desalination plants scale up and operational efficiency becomes paramount, the role of pretreatment media, particularly activated carbon, has moved from an afterthought to a mission-critical design consideration. Within this landscape, coconut shell activated carbon has emerged as the preferred filtration medium for protecting reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and ensuring consistent, high-quality permeate output.<\/p>\n

Coconut shell activated carbon is the most effective pretreatment media for seawater desalination systems due to its exceptionally high microporosity, superior dechlorination efficiency, remarkable mechanical durability, and sustainable sourcing profile. It outperforms both coal-based and wood-based alternatives in protecting RO membranes from chlorine oxidation and organic fouling, directly extending membrane service life and reducing total operational expenditure.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Selecting the right activated carbon is not merely a procurement decision. It determines membrane longevity, system uptime, chemical cleaning frequency, and ultimately the levelized cost of water. This article provides a comprehensive examination of coconut shell activated carbon in the context of seawater desalination, covering its functional mechanisms, key performance specifications, comparative advantages over other carbon types, sustainability credentials, real-world performance data, and emerging technology trends that will shape the next generation of pretreatment systems.<\/p>\n

Why Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Is Essential for Desalination Pretreatment<\/h2>\n

Coconut shell activated carbon serves three non-negotiable functions in seawater desalination pretreatment: removing free chlorine and oxidants to prevent RO membrane oxidation, adsorbing dissolved organic pollutants to reduce membrane fouling, and improving feedwater quality to stabilize downstream membrane performance. Without effective activated carbon pretreatment, RO membranes degrade rapidly, chemical cleaning frequency increases, and total water production costs escalate significantly.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seawater entering a desalination facility contains multiple threats to RO membrane integrity. Free chlorine, often introduced during intake chlorination to control biofouling, is an aggressive oxidizing agent that attacks the polyamide layer of thin-film composite RO membranes. Even trace residual chlorine concentrations measured in parts per million can cause irreversible oxidative degradation, reducing salt rejection rates and ultimately requiring premature membrane replacement at costs that can reach hundreds of thousands of dollars per train. Activated carbon acts as the primary barrier, reducing chlorine through a catalytic reaction that converts hypochlorous acid into harmless chloride ions as water passes through the carbon bed.<\/p>\n

Beyond chlorine removal, raw seawater carries significant loads of natural organic matter (NOM), including humic substances, algal metabolites, and low-molecular-weight organic acids. These compounds not only contribute to unpleasant taste and odor but also deposit on RO membrane surfaces, forming a fouling layer that increases feed pressure requirements and decreases permeate flux. Coconut shell activated carbon, with its dominant microporous structure where over 90% of pores are smaller than 2 nanometers, excels at trapping these small organic molecules. According to a case study at a coastal coal-fired power plant in Central Java, Indonesia<\/a>, coconut shell-based granular activated carbon with an iodine value of at least 1,000 mg\/g achieved over 85% organic removal by UV254 measurement, reducing total organic carbon in filtrate to 0.75 mg\/L or less and consistently maintaining a silt density index (SDI) below 3, well within the SDI below 5 specification required for SWRO feedwater.<\/p>\n

Understanding the Technical Specifications That Drive Performance<\/h2>\n

The performance of coconut shell activated carbon in desalination pretreatment is defined by five key parameters: iodine value (typically 800 to 1,200 mg\/g), specific surface area (1,000 to 1,500 m2\/g), particle hardness (98% or higher), ash content (below 5%), and dechlorination rate. These specifications collectively determine adsorption capacity, filter bed lifespan, and the degree of RO membrane protection achieved.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Iodine value is the most widely recognized indicator of activated carbon quality. It measures the amount of iodine adsorbed per gram of carbon and directly correlates with microporous volume. For coconut shell activated carbon, iodine values ranging from 800 to 1,200 mg\/g are typical and significantly exceed those of standard coal-based carbons, which generally fall between 500 and 800 mg\/g. This higher iodine value reflects the denser natural fiber structure of coconut shells, which during steam activation develops an extensive network of micropores ideally sized for chlorine and small organic molecules. Procurement specifications for desalination-grade activated carbon should mandate a minimum iodine value consistent with the target dechlorination requirements.<\/p>\n

Specific surface area, often reaching 1,000 to 1,500 square meters per gram for coconut shell-based products, provides the physical adsorption sites where contaminant molecules bind. To put this into perspective, one gram of high-grade coconut shell activated carbon contains an internal surface area equivalent to a football field. The pore size distribution is equally important: micropores below 2 nanometers handle chlorine and low-molecular-weight organics, while the moderate mesoporous fraction (2 to 50 nanometers) addresses larger humic substances. A balanced pore structure ensures comprehensive contaminant coverage without sacrificing flow characteristics.<\/p>\n

Mechanical hardness and abrasion resistance directly affect operational reliability. During backwashing cycles, which are essential for dislodging accumulated particulates and biofilms from the filter bed, low-hardness carbons generate excessive fines and carbon dust. These fines can penetrate downstream cartridge filters and deposit on RO membrane surfaces, contributing to particulate fouling that is difficult to remediate. Coconut shell activated carbon exhibits hardness values of 98% or greater, making it significantly more resistant to attrition than wood-based alternatives and comparable to the best coal-based products. This hardness is what enables coconut shell carbon to withstand multiple backwash cycles and, in many cases, to be thermally reactivated and reused over several service cycles.<\/p>\n

Ash content, typically specified below 5% and commonly below 3% for premium coconut shell grades, reflects the purity of the base material and the quality of the activation process. Low ash content minimizes the risk of solubility-driven impurity release into the feedwater, which could otherwise contribute to membrane scaling or compromise permeate quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Specification Parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Typical Range for Coconut Shell AC<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Acceptable Threshold for Desalination<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Jodzahl<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

800 to 1,200 mg\/g<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

900 mg\/g minimum<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Spezifische Oberfl\u00e4che<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,000 to 1,500 m2\/g<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

950 m2\/g minimum<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

H\u00e4rte<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98% or higher<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

95% minimum<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Aschegehalt<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Below 3% to 5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Below 5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Feuchtigkeitsgehalt<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Below 5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Below 5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Dechlorination Rate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90% or higher at design EBCT<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Meets system-specific requirement<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Coconut Shell Versus Coal-Based and Wood-Based Activated Carbon: A Comparative Analysis<\/h2>\n

Coconut shell activated carbon provides the most developed microporous structure and the highest dechlorination efficiency among the three primary carbon types, making it the preferred choice where RO membrane protection is the highest priority. Coal-based carbon offers a cost-effective alternative with balanced microporous and mesoporous distribution suitable for large-scale facilities with moderate chlorine loads. Wood-based carbon, with its larger mesopore volume, is best reserved for raw water sources with exceptionally high organic pollutant concentrations.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Each raw material source imparts distinct structural characteristics to the finished activated carbon, and these differences translate directly into suitability for specific desalination scenarios. The choice among coconut shell, coal-based, and wood-based activated carbon should be driven by a thorough analysis of raw seawater quality, target dechlorination requirements, existing filter bed configuration, and total lifecycle cost projections.<\/p>\n

Coconut shell activated carbon is produced from the hard inner shells of coconuts, an agricultural byproduct that is carbonized at high temperature and activated with steam. The resulting carbon features 85 to 90% microporous surface area, with pore diameters predominantly below 2 nanometers. This pore architecture is inherently suited to capturing small molecules such as free chlorine, trihalomethanes, and volatile organic compounds, all of which pose direct threats to RO membrane integrity. Laboratory tests have demonstrated that coconut shell carbon achieves dechlorination rates exceeding 90% under properly designed empty bed contact time conditions. In a modified RO desalination study on Tunda Island, Indonesia<\/a>, integrating coconut shell based activated carbon as an adsorptive pretreatment stage produced treated water with COD of 120.10 mg\/L, BOD of 10.5 mg\/L, and TDS of 117.2 ppm, all compliant with applicable drinking water quality standards.<\/p>\n

Coal-based activated carbon, typically produced from bituminous coal, features a more balanced pore distribution with a moderate ratio of micropores to mesopores. This balanced structure allows coal-based carbon to handle both chlorine removal and larger organic molecule adsorption in a single media bed, making it a versatile and cost-effective option for large-scale desalination plants. The lower cost per ton and widespread availability have made coal-based carbon the volume leader in many large municipal desalination projects, particularly in regions where capital expenditure constraints are stringent. However, the iodine value of standard coal-based carbon, ranging from 500 to 800 mg\/g, is measurably lower than that of coconut shell grades, resulting in lower dechlorination capacity per unit volume and potentially more frequent media changeouts.<\/p>\n

Wood-based activated carbon distinguishes itself through a more open pore structure with higher mesopore and macropore volume. This makes it effective for adsorbing larger molecules such as humic acids and color bodies that may be present in coastal seawater influenced by riverine discharge or agricultural runoff. However, the relatively limited micropore volume also means lower chlorine removal efficiency, and wood carbons generally exhibit lower mechanical hardness, making them more prone to fines generation during backwash. Wood-based carbon is typically deployed as a supplementary or niche pretreatment media rather than as the primary dechlorination stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Coconut Shell AC<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Coal-Based AC<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Wood-Based AC<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Microporosity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

85 to 90%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50 to 65%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30 to 45%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Jodwert (mg\/g)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

800 to 1,200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

500 to 800<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

600 to 900<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Dechlorination Efficiency<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Excellent (90%+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Good (75 to 85%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Moderate (60 to 75%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Mechanical Hardness<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Very High (98%+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

High (95%+)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Moderate (85 to 92%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Aschegehalt<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Low (below 3 to 5%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Moderate (5 to 12%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Moderate to High (3 to 10%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Relative Cost<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mittel-Hoch<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Niedrig bis mittel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Medium<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Best Application<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RO membrane protection, strict effluent quality<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Large-scale cost-sensitive projects<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

High-NOM raw water, auxiliary treatment<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

RO Membrane Protection: How Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Delivers Tangible Results<\/h2>\n

Coconut shell activated carbon extends RO membrane service life through a dual mechanism of chlorine catalytic reduction and organic foulant adsorption. In documented industrial installations, pretreatment using high-iodine coconut shell GAC has reduced SDI values to consistently below 3, cut organic loading by over 85%, and extended membrane cleaning intervals by 30 to 50% compared to systems operating without adequate carbon pretreatment.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The protective mechanism of coconut shell activated carbon operates on two fronts. The first and most critical is dechlorination. Free chlorine and chloramines, if allowed to reach the polyamide active layer of thin-film composite RO membranes, cause irreversible oxidation that permanently degrades salt rejection performance. Unlike simple adsorption, the chlorine removal process on activated carbon is primarily catalytic: the carbon surface accelerates the decomposition of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) into chloride ions (Cl minus) and oxidized carbon surface species. This reaction occurs almost instantaneously as water contacts the carbon bed, provided sufficient empty bed contact time is maintained. Because the reaction is catalytic rather than purely adsorptive, the chlorine removal capacity per unit of coconut shell carbon is substantial, and breakthrough curves are predictable, allowing for scheduled media replacement before chlorine slip occurs.<\/p>\n

The second protective function addresses organic fouling. Natural organic matter, algal organic matter from seasonal blooms, and anthropogenic organic contaminants all contribute to membrane fouling that increases transmembrane pressure, reduces permeate flux, and necessitates chemical cleaning cycles. Each cleaning cycle subjects membranes to pH extremes and chemical stress that incrementally shortens their useful life. Coconut shell carbon, with its extensive microporous surface area, removes a broad spectrum of organic compounds before they reach the membrane, directly reducing the fouling rate.<\/p>\n

Real-world data from the TJB Coal Power Plant seawater desalination project in Central Java<\/a> illustrates the impact. The system treats backwash wastewater from an SWRO pretreatment system containing up to 155 mg\/L total suspended solids and 5 mg\/L total organic carbon. By integrating coconut shell based GAC filtration downstream of physical clarification, the facility achieved filtrate TOC of 0.75 mg\/L or less, organic removal exceeding 85% as measured by UV254 absorbance, and SDI consistently at or below 3. The result was a significant reduction in membrane fouling risk, extended cleaning cycles, and stable operation even during seasonal raw water quality fluctuations. These outcomes translate directly into lower operating costs, higher plant availability, and reduced membrane replacement expenditure.<\/p>\n

Properly designing the activated carbon stage requires careful attention to empty bed contact time, filtration velocity, bed depth, and backwashing protocol. According to a comprehensive guide on selecting activated carbon for desalination systems<\/a>, for granular activated carbon in desalination service, EBCT values are typically designed based on the target chlorine breakthrough curve for the specific carbon grade and raw water chlorine concentration. Filtration velocity must balance contact time against throughput requirements, and bed depth must provide adequate mass transfer zone for the target contaminants. Regular backwashing at controlled intensity removes accumulated solids without excessive carbon loss, preserving bed integrity over extended operating campaigns.<\/p>\n

Sustainability and Lifecycle Economics of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon<\/h2>\n

Coconut shell activated carbon delivers compelling lifecycle value through a combination of extended media service life, multiple thermal reactivation cycles, and a renewable agricultural feedstock that transforms waste shells into a high-performance industrial product. The total cost of ownership, when factoring in reduced membrane replacement, lower chemical cleaning frequency, and carbon reactivation potential, frequently favors coconut shell carbon over lower-priced alternatives.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The sustainability credentials of coconut shell activated carbon begin with the raw material itself. Coconut palms are perennial crops that produce multiple harvests annually without requiring replanting. The shells used for carbon production are an agricultural byproduct that would otherwise be discarded or burned, so converting them into activated carbon creates value from a waste stream while avoiding the emissions associated with disposal. The manufacturing process<\/a> involves carbonization followed by steam activation, transforming dense shell material into highly porous carbon media without the mining impacts associated with coal-based alternatives. Coconut palms also absorb carbon dioxide during their growth cycle, partially offsetting the carbon footprint of the carbonization and activation processes. Furthermore, coconut shells contain fewer inherent impurities than mined coal, resulting in cleaner activation and lower ash content in the finished product.<\/p>\n

From a lifecycle economics standpoint, the higher upfront cost of coconut shell activated carbon is offset by several factors that reduce total expenditure over a desalination plant’s operating life. The superior mechanical hardness translates into lower attrition rates during backwashing, which means less carbon loss per backwash cycle and longer intervals between full media replacements. The higher iodine value and greater adsorption capacity per unit mass mean that a given filter bed of coconut shell carbon can treat more water before breakthrough, effectively reducing the cost per cubic meter of treated water.<\/p>\n

Thermal reactivation represents one of the most significant economic advantages of coconut shell carbon. While powdered activated carbon is typically single-use, granular coconut shell carbon can be thermally reactivated through controlled high-temperature treatment that desorbs and destroys accumulated contaminants and restores the pore structure. Coconut shell GAC can withstand multiple reactivation cycles, preserving 85 to 95% of its original adsorption capacity after each cycle. The reactivation option converts what would be a disposal cost and new media purchase into a cyclical reuse model that dramatically reduces lifetime media expenditure. As environmental regulations tighten and landfill costs rise, the reactivation pathway becomes increasingly attractive.<\/p>\n

The broader economic case extends beyond the carbon media itself. Effective pretreatment with high-quality coconut shell activated carbon protects the RO membranes, which are the most expensive consumable component in a desalination plant. By extending membrane life from a typical three to five years toward five to seven years, and by reducing chemical cleaning frequency from monthly to quarterly intervals, the downstream savings can dwarf the incremental cost difference between coconut shell and lower-grade carbons. For plant operators performing total cost of ownership analysis, the calculation consistently demonstrates that pretreatment investment quality pays for itself many times over through reduced membrane replacement and chemical procurement.<\/p>\n

Emerging Trends and the Future of Desalination Pretreatment<\/h2>\n

The next generation of coconut shell activated carbon for desalination will feature catalytic surface modification, deeper integration with ultrafiltration pretreatment trains, and digitally monitored performance systems that enable predictive media replacement. These innovations promise further improvements in dechlorination kinetics, contaminant selectivity, and operational reliability as the global desalination industry moves toward larger, more automated facilities.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Catalytic activated carbon represents one of the most promising development directions. By impregnating or surface-modifying coconut shell carbon with catalytic agents, manufacturers can create media that not only adsorbs chlorine but also accelerates its decomposition through enhanced catalytic pathways. This dual-function approach increases dechlorination capacity per unit volume of media, allowing for more compact filter beds and higher throughput rates without compromising removal efficiency. Catalytic carbons also show improved performance with chloramines, which are increasingly used as alternative disinfectants in some regions and are more resistant to conventional adsorptive removal than free chlorine.<\/p>\n

Integration with membrane-based pretreatment is reshaping the overall pretreatment architecture. Modern large-scale desalination plants increasingly combine granular activated carbon filtration with ultrafiltration (UF) as a dual-barrier pretreatment train. In this configuration, the activated carbon stage removes chlorine and dissolved organics, while the UF membranes provide a physical barrier against particulates, colloids, and microorganisms. The combination delivers consistently low SDI feedwater to the RO stage regardless of raw water quality variability. Coconut shell activated carbon is particularly well-suited to this configuration because its low fines generation reduces the particulate load on downstream UF membranes.<\/p>\n

Digitalization and predictive maintenance are entering the activated carbon domain. Online chlorine analyzers at the carbon filter outlet enable real-time monitoring of dechlorination performance, while differential pressure sensors track bed fouling and trigger optimized backwash schedules. When combined with historical data analytics, these systems can predict carbon exhaustion based on cumulative chlorine loading and alert operators to schedule media replacement during planned maintenance windows rather than responding to unplanned breakthrough events. This predictive capability reduces downtime risk and ensures consistent RO membrane protection throughout the carbon service cycle.<\/p>\n

The geographic expansion of desalination into new regions is also influencing carbon selection strategies. As countries across Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa invest in desalination capacity to address water security challenges, the availability of locally sourced coconut shell carbon from major producing regions such as Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines provides supply chain advantages that complement the technical benefits. Proximity to raw material sources reduces transportation costs and lead times while supporting regional economic development in coconut-growing communities.<\/p>\n

Schlussfolgerung<\/h2>\n

Coconut shell activated carbon occupies a unique position in the seawater desalination value chain. It is simultaneously a modest-cost consumable media and a critical determinant of system reliability, membrane longevity, and operating expenditure. The material science behind its performance, dominated by a dense microporous structure with surface area reaching 1,500 square meters per gram, translates directly into industrial outcomes: chlorine breakthrough prevention, organic fouling mitigation, and consistently low SDI feedwater delivery to RO membranes.<\/p>\n

The comparative analysis against coal-based and wood-based alternatives confirms what plant operators and engineering firms have observed across decades of project experience: where RO membrane protection and effluent quality are non-negotiable, coconut shell activated carbon is the superior choice. Its higher iodine value, greater hardness, lower ash content, and multiple reactivation potential create a lifecycle value proposition that withstands rigorous total cost of ownership scrutiny.<\/p>\n

As the global desalination industry continues its trajectory toward 180 million cubic meters per day of installed capacity by 2030, pretreatment quality will increasingly differentiate well-operated facilities from those struggling with unplanned downtime and premature membrane replacement. Coconut shell activated carbon, with its renewable agricultural origins, proven technical performance, and emerging catalytic and digital enhancements, is positioned to remain an indispensable component of seawater desalination pretreatment for the foreseeable future.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Global freshwater scarcity has accelerated the expansion of seawater desalination infrastructure at an unprecedented pace. As of 2025, the worldwide […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11125,"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11124\/revisions\/11125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tankechemical.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}