ナッツの殻から活性炭を製造

You can make nut shell activated carbon by using a few easy steps. First, you clean the nut shells and grind them into small pieces. Next, you treat the shells with chemicals to get them ready for carbonization. Then, you heat the shells to turn them into activated carbon. After heating, you wash and dry the activated carbon. This process uses waste like walnut or groundnut shells. It helps cut down on waste and lowers the carbon footprint when compared to using coal.

• Using nut shells to make activated carbon is good for the environment.

• Picking the right raw material can help the planet a lot.
  Nut shell activated carbon is great for cleaning and filtering. You will learn each step so you can make activated carbon from groundnut shells at home or in a lab.

要点

• You can make activated carbon from nut shells. First, clean the nut shells. Then, grind them into small pieces. Next, heat them up. This process is easy and good for the environment.

• Using nut shell activated carbon helps cut down on waste. It also lowers your carbon footprint more than old methods.

• Nut shell activated carbon works well for cleaning water and air. It is useful at home and in factories.

• Pick the right chemical activator to make the surface area bigger. This will help your activated carbon work better.

• Change your activated carbon filters often. This keeps your water and air clean and safe.

Nut Shell Activated Carbon Benefits

Properties of Nut Shells

Nut shells are good for making activated carbon. Hard shells like walnut and pistachio have little ash and lots of hemicellulose. These things make walnut shell activated carbon very strong. It lasts longer and works well for adsorption jobs. The pores in walnut shell activated carbon trap bad stuff. The pores are made of carbon and oxygen. This helps with filtering. The surface area is about 1,000 m²/g. This big area lets more bad stuff stick to the carbon. The size of the pores and particles changes how well it cleans water or air.

Tip: Using activated carbon from groundnut shells can help clean water at home.

Here is a table that shows how nut shell activated carbon and coal activated carbon are different:

Walnut shell activated carbon is good for cleaning water and gas. Its strong structure and high adsorption make it a smart pick.

Environmental Impact

Using nut shell activated carbon helps the planet. You turn waste like groundnut shells into something useful. This helps keep trash out of landfills. The process uses natural things and makes less carbon than coal. Picking walnut shell activated carbon helps make production better for the earth.

You can help by using nut shell activated carbon to clean water and air. This protects nature and helps manage waste better.

Process Steps

Preparation

You begin by getting the nut shells ready. First, wash the shells to get rid of dirt. You can use a two-step cleaning method. This helps keep ash below 5%. Less ash means you save energy later. After washing, dry the shells with moving air. The temperature should be between 80°C and 105°C. Make sure the shells have less than 5% moisture. Dry shells help keep the heat steady. Next, grind the shells into small bits. Use a grinder or a mortar and pestle. After grinding, sieve the shells for even sizes. This helps you make better activated carbon.

Tip: Clean and dry nut shells well before you begin. This makes your activated carbon stronger and works better.

• Preparation steps:

  • Wash nut shells to remove dirt.

  • Dry shells with air at 80–105°C.

  • Grind shells into small bits.

  • Sieve for even-sized pieces.

Chemical Activation

You treat the groundnut shells with chemicals. This helps make pores in the carbon. You can pick from different chemical agents. Some common ones are potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, zinc chloride, ferric chloride, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid.
Zinc chloride works well for nut shell activated carbon. It gives a big surface area and good yield. Mix the shells with the chemical agent. Use different amounts based on your goal. The chemical opens up the shell structure.

• Chemical activation agents:

  • KOH

  • NaOH

  • K2CO3

  • ZnCl2

  • FeCl3

  • H3PO4

  • H2SO4

Here is a table that shows how the chemical activator changes the surface area and pore volume of activated carbon:

Pick the activator based on what you want to filter. KOH makes more micropores for gas cleaning. ZnCl2 makes more mesopores for water cleaning.

Carbonization

You heat the treated shells in a furnace or kiln. Do this where there is little or no oxygen. The temperature is usually 400°C to 900°C. The heat turns the shells into carbon. This step makes the pores and structure.
Control the temperature and time for best results. Higher heat can make more pores. But do not burn the shells. Use a lab furnace for small batches. Use an industrial kiln for big batches.

Note: Carbonization is very important for making activated carbon from groundnut shells. Watch the temperature carefully.

Washing and Drying

Wash the activated carbon after heating. This removes leftover chemicals and dirt. Use water or a cleaning solution based on the chemicals used.
Follow these steps for washing and drying:

1. Stop using the activated carbon filter before cleaning.

2. Take apart the filter with the right tools.

3. Remove dust with a soft brush or vacuum.

4. Use backwashing or flushing with water to rinse out dirt.

5. Soak the carbon in a cleaning solution if needed.

6. Rinse with clean water and repeat backwashing if needed.

7. Air dry the activated carbon in a place with good airflow. This keeps the carbon from getting wet again.

8. Put the filter back together if you use it for cleaning water or air.

Finish by drying the activated carbon. Drying keeps the carbon clean and ready to use. Use air drying or a low-heat oven.

Tip: Washing and drying well makes your 活性炭 clean and safe for filtering.

Now you have nut shell activated carbon ready to use. Use it for cleaning water, air, or other things. This process turns groundnut shells and other nut shells into useful products. You help cut down waste and support green production.

Equipment Overview

Small-Scale Tools

You can make activated carbon at home or in a small lab. You need simple tools to get started. Use a strong grinder to break groundnut shells into pieces. Sort the pieces with a sieve. Dry the shells in an oven or use your kitchen oven. For chemical activation, mix shells and chemicals in glass or steel containers. Wear gloves and use tongs to protect your hands. Heat the shells in a small furnace or metal drum. After heating, wash the carbon in a bucket or big bowl. Dry the carbon on trays in a place with good airflow.

Tip: Always wear gloves and goggles when you use chemicals or heat.

Here is a list of tools for small-scale production:

• Grinder or mortar and pestle

• Sieve

• Drying oven or kitchen oven

• Glass or steel mixing containers

• Tongs and gloves

• Small furnace or metal drum

• Buckets or bowls for washing

• Drying trays

Large-Scale Solutions

To make more 活性炭, you need bigger machines. Factories use special equipment for large batches. The main machine is an activated carbon rotary kiln. This kiln heats shells for carbonization and activation. Crushers break shells into small pieces. Conveyor belts move materials from one place to another. Dust collectors help keep the air clean. Dryers and coolers control the temperature of the carbon. Packing and screening machines sort and pack the finished product.

Here is a table with some equipment and their costs:

Factories use these machines:

• Activated carbon rotary kiln

• Crushers

• Conveyor machines

• Dust collectors

• Dryers

• Coolers

• Packing machines

• Spray towers

• Screening machines

• Raymond mills

You can add more machines to make more activated carbon. Automation helps you work faster and make better carbon. Large-scale solutions help you meet bigger demand and improve quality.

Activated Carbon Quality

Testing Methods

There are different ways to test activated carbon in a lab. These tests show how well the carbon cleans water or air. The iodine number is a key test. It tells you how much iodine the carbon can hold. If the iodine number is high, the carbon works better. Most carbon for water cleaning has an iodine number from 600 to 1100 mg/g. This number shows how many micropores are in the carbon. You also check the BET surface area. It is usually between 900 m²/g and 1100 m²/g. A bigger surface area means the carbon can catch more bad stuff.

Some common ways to test activated carbon are:

• CO2 absorption: Mix activated carbon with a solution. Add CO2 at a set temperature and pressure.

• Nitrogen adsorption/desorption: Use special tools to see how much nitrogen the carbon can hold. This helps find the surface area.

• Pore size distribution: Use nitrogen adsorption to check how big the pores are inside the carbon.

Tip: Testing helps you choose the best activated carbon for your job.

Yield Expectations

You can get 38% to 40.30% activated carbon from groundnut shells. The yield depends on how you make it. If you raise the carbonization temperature from 400°C to 800°C, the yield drops from 40.30% to 31.60%. If you heat it longer, the yield also goes down. The impregnation ratio does not change the yield much if you keep the temperature and time the same.

• Typical yield: 38% to 40.30%

• Higher temperature: Lower yield

• Longer time: Lower yield

• Impregnation ratio: Not much effect on yield

You can make more activated carbon by controlling temperature and time. Different ways of making it change how the carbon works. Using potassium hydroxide gives a bigger surface area and better pores than sulfuric acid. Some carbons from other plants, like yellow mombin stones, can hold more CO2 than nut shell activated carbon. Adding nitrogen can also help the carbon catch more CO2.

Note: Always test your activated carbon to make sure it works well and is pure.

Applications of Nut Shell Activated Carbon

水処理

Nut shell activated carbon helps clean water in many ways. You can use it in home filters and big water plants. This carbon removes harmful metals from drinking water. It can take out lead, copper, and zinc. Studies show it removes almost all lead. It can remove up to 95% of copper. It also removes up to 90% of zinc. This makes nut shell activated carbon good for safe water.

You find this carbon in deep bed filtration systems. These systems trap metals and other bad things. The carbon has a large surface area and lots of pores. This helps it grab and hold metals and chemicals. You can use groundnut shell activated carbon in small filters and big plants.

Tip: Change your carbon filter often. This keeps your water clean and safe.

Some common uses in water treatment are:

• Home water filters

• Industrial water cleaning

• Removing metals like lead, copper, and zinc

• Deep bed filtration for big water systems

Other Uses

Nut shell activated carbon does more than clean water. You can use it to clean air and remove smells. It also helps in gold recovery. Many people use this carbon in air purifiers. It traps gases and odors. The carbon grabs smoke and chemicals from the air.

Factories use groundnut shell activated carbon in food and drink making. It helps remove colors and bad tastes. Some factories use it to clean chemicals or get gold from ore. Its large surface area and strong adsorption make it useful in many jobs.

Nut shell activated carbon is a flexible tool. It has many uses because it grabs things well and is easy to make from groundnut shells.

You can make activated carbon from groundnut shells by using simple steps. First, clean the shells well. Next, treat them with chemicals. Then, heat the shells to change them into activated carbon. After that, dry the shells so they are ready to use. This process helps cut down on waste and keeps the planet safe. You can use activated carbon to clean water and air at home or in factories. Try making activated carbon yourself and see how it helps with cleaning.

Making activated carbon from groundnut shells is good for the earth and gives you an easy way to keep things clean.